SECRET
From the decision № 255-74ss
On the settling and development of the regions of the former Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
March 9, 1944
In connection with the formation of Grozny district of the Stavropol Region at the territory of the former Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Republic and the inclusion of the part of the regions of the former Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Republic in Dagestan ASSR, North Ossetian Autonomous Republic and the Georgian SSR, SNK of the USSR decrees:
1. Oblige Stavropol Regional Executive Committee, SNK of Dagestan ASSR, the North Ossetian Autonomous Republic and the Georgian SSR:
a) until April 15, 1944, move in the former Chechen and Ingush collective farms: 800 farms in regions, included in the Grozny district of the Stavropol Region, from Dagestan ASSR 500 farms in the districts included in the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, from North Ossetian ASSR 500 farms in the districts included in North Ossetian Autonomous Republic;
b) complement by decision-makers in two weeks the regions transferred to them, in this period complete the acceptance of livestock, as well as all residential and commercial buildings, agricultural stock and other property.
2. Oblige the SNK of the RSFSR, Stavropol Regional Executive Committee, SNK of Dagestan ASSR, of North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, of Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic and Narkomzem of the USSR to develop measures for further settlement and development of areas of the former Chechen-Ingush ASSR and to make suggestions to the CPC of the USSR until June 1, 1944…
Deputy chairman of the SNK USSR V.Molotov
Manager of the affairs of the SNK of the USSR, People’s Commissar Ya. Chadaev
GARF. F.R-5446. Op.47. D.4356. L.59-62.
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On formation of Grozny region of the RSFSR
(Decree from March 22, 1944)
Form the Grozny region with its center in the city of Grozny, and in connection with this eliminates Grozny and Kizlyar districts of Stavropol Region.
Include in Grozny region Grozny city and the following districts: Atagi, Achkhoi-Martan, Galanchozh, Galashki, Grozny, Gudermes, Nadterechny, Staro-Yurt, Sunzha, Urus-Martan, Shali and Shatoy of former Grozny district, the town of Kizlyar and districts: Achikulak, Karanogay, Kayasulin, Kizlyar and Shelkovskiy of former Kizlyar District, and also Naur district, separating it from the Stavropol region.
The present decision submit for the approval of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
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Report № 16, A.35.
Up to 300 thousand children under the age of 16 arrived as part of families of displaced Chechens, Ingushs, Karachays, Balkars, and Crimean Tatars in the Kazakh, Kyrgyz and Uzbek SSR in 1944. Special settlers are placed in small groups in the collective farms and mixed with local habitants – Russian, Kazakh, Uzbek and Kyrgyz population. They live under a special regime (the prohibition to move freely outside the points of settlement, etc.). It is impossible to organize a primary school for children of special settlers Chechens, Ingushs, Karachays, Balkars and Crimean Tatars with learning in their national languages due to lack of proven teaching staff. Because of all these conditions, NKVD considers to be appropriate to teach children of the special settlers in Russian language in the existing schools at their place of residence…
(Collected Laws of the RSFSR and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. 1938-1946 years. Publishing House “Proceedings of the Soviets of People’s Deputies of the USSR”, 1946. P.58).
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To comrade I.V. Stalin
To comrade V.M. Molotov (The Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR)
To Comrade G.M. Malenkov (Central Committee of the VKP(b))
July, 1944
To execute the regulation of the State Defense Committee of the NKVD in February-March 1944, 602 193 people, residents of the North Caucasus have been resettled permanently in the Kazakh and Kirgiz SSR, including Chechens and Ingushs – 496 460, Karachay – 68 327, Balkars – 37 406 people.
The relocation of this contingent from the North Caucasus and resettlement in new places of residence was carried out satisfactorily. 428,948 people are located in the collective farms, 64 703 people in state farms, 908 542 people are passed to an employment use in industrial facilities.
The main mass of the special settlers was evicted to the territory of the Kazakh SSR (477 809 people). However, the republican bodies of the Kazakh SSR did not pay adequate attention to issues of employment and economic arrangement of the special settlers of the North Caucasus. As a result, home arrangement of special settlers in Kazakhstan and their joining to the socially useful work is in poor condition. Families of special settlers, settled in the collective farms, were not accepted as members of agricultural artels. The allotment of families of special settlers by kitchen gardens and orchards passed unsatisfactorily, as well as housing. Special settlers settled in state farms and passed to industrial enterprises, weakly attracted to work in production, the disease typhus, shortcomings in economic and living conditions, theft, criminal offenses are marked.
To restore order, the Deputy People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs Kruglov with a group of workers was sent in the Kazakh SSR in May, 1944.
In July, 2196 special settlers were arrested for various crimes. All were considered by the Special Conference.
429 special commandant’s offices of the NKVD were created for monitoring of the special settlers living regime, for struggle against escapes, operational and KGB service and promoting rapid economic arrangement of special settler’s families.
Economic arrangement of the special settlers has been improved. Of the 70 296 families who settled in the collective farms, 56 800 families, or 81% became members of agricultural artels. 83 303 families (74.3%) got kitchen gardens and orchards.
12,683 families lived in their own homes. The work of child labor colonies was organized. In June 1944, 1 268 children was arranged in these colonies. Employment was improved. Thus, in Jambul region, of 16 927 people of working age, 16 396 people actually worked; in the Akmola region, of 17 667 people, 19 345 employees accounted (as in the document), of whom 2 746 are the elderly and teenagers.
L.Beria
GARF. F.R-9401. Op.2. D.63. L.311-313
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To comrade Stalin I.V.
To comrade Molotov V.M.
To comrade Beria L.P.
To comrade Malenkov, G.M.
January 31, 1946
The majority of special settlers from the Northern Caucasus (Chechens, Ingushs, Karachays, Balkars) in an amount of 131 480 families (498 870 people) resettled in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, are economically arranged, and all able-bodied are involved in labor activities.
194 800 people of the total number of working age (205 000 people ) are employed in industry, construction and agriculture. The remaining 10 700 people do not work for valid reasons.
All special settlers are settled in the countryside. 81 450 families joined the collective farms.
55 260 families have received individual homes as the property through new construction and purchase of vacant premises in the local population. 47 930 families are settled in the workplace, in houses of enterprises, each family is supplied with free cattle and long-term loans. 4796 thousand rubles are allocated for these purposes. All special settlers are freed from obligatory deliveries of agricultural products and from the payment of agricultural and income taxes.
During two years, they were supplied with 33 965 tonnes of food grains, flour and cereals, 78 tonnes of sugar, 582 tonnes of steel.
Chechen Magomed Khutuev, kolkhoz member from collective farm “10 Years of October” of Jalal-Abad region of the Kirghiz SSR, said at the general meeting of farmers: “Thank you comrade Stalin, because he displays great care for us, special settlers. We are considered to be one family of the Soviet Union. We will participate in this election and vote for the candidates of our dear Communist Party…».
Mullah Aliyev, who lives on the collective farm of Jambul region of Sverdlovsk oblast, called the special settlers did not participate in the vote, justifying it by the fact that there are no representatives of Chechens and Ingushs among the candidates for deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR…
People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR S.V. Kruglov
GARF. F.R-9401. Op.2. D.134. L.176-180.
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TOP SECRET
Refundable
Extract from the report № 66 from 1948
It was decided:
In order to strengthen the regime of settlements of deportees from among of the Chechens, Karachays, Ingushs, Balkars, Kalmyks, Germans, Crimean Tatars and others, as well as in order to increase criminal liability for the escape of deportees from the field of compulsory and permanent settlement of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) agrees:
1. Establish that the relocation of Chechens, Karachays, Ingushs, Balkars, Kalmyks, Germans, Crimean Tatars and others to remote areas of the Soviet Union made in perpetuity, without the right to return to their former places of residence.
Prosecute the people guilty of unauthorized leave (escape) from the sites of compulsory settlement of these deportees to, determining the punishment for this crime in 20 years’ imprisonment.
Consider cases against the shoots of deportees at the Special Conference of the MIA of the USSR.
Prosecute those responsible for harboring the deportees who had escaped from places of compulsory settlement or contributed to their escape, and those responsible for permitting the deportees to return to their former places of residence, determining the punishment for these offenses as imprisonment for 5 years.
(Draft Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR is attached – Appendix № 1).
2. Oblige the Ministry of Internal Affairs (comrade Kruglov) and Attorney General of the USSR (comrade Safonov) to arrest and prosecute all the deportees detained for running away from the field of mandatory resettlement, as well as those guilty of escape, of harboring the deportees and persons assisting them in settling in their former places of residence, with consideration of the cases at the Special Conference of the MIA of the USSR, strictly guided by this decision.
3. Extend to the deportees (Chechens, Karachays, Ingushs, Balkars, Kalmyks, Germans, Crimean Tatars and others) the item 12 of the Decree of Council of Ministers of the USSR № 1841-730s from June, 3, 1948 about the prosecution and conviction to 8 years imprisonment those exiled to (special) settlement and continuing to evade from socially useful work and leading a parasitic life in the places of settlement.
4. Oblige the Ministry of Internal Affairs (comrade Kruglov) to check the work of local organs of the Ministry of the Interior for implement of the administrative monitoring of the deportees within a month, particularly in proper accounting of the settlers and the support of the regime precluding the possibility of escapes.
Based on the verification, take the necessary measures and report the results to the CC (Central Committee) of the CPSU (b).
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR – establish further strict control for the work of their local authorities to provide the necessary regime in places of resettlement of deportees.
5. Oblige the Ministry of State Security (comrade Abakumov) to take measures through the organs of the MGB in rail and water transport for identification, arrest and detention of deportees who had escaped from the field of compulsory settlement.
6. Oblige the Attorney General of the USSR comrade Safonov and Minister of Internal Affairs comrade Kruglov to investigate all cases when the deportees, detained in the areas of their former residence (the Crimea, the Chechen-Ingushetia, Kabarda, the area of the Volga Germans, Kalmykia, etc.), were returned to their places of resettlement without recourse to criminal liability for the escape, and attract to strict liability those who responsible for approval of this anti-government practices. Report the results within a month to the CPSU (b).
(See Appendix number 2).
Secretary of the CC
5-p, st, ak
Decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR № 4367-1726ss of 24.XI.1948
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To comrade Malenkov G.M.
On behalf of the Bureau of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee, we considered the note of comrades Ganenko and Alatortsev on employment and living conditions and state of political and educational work among the special settlers living in the Kazakh and Uzbek SSR, Krasnoyarsk, Kemerovo and Molotov areas…
We would consider it appropriate to adopt a resolution of the CPSU Central Committee on improving the political work among the special settlers (draft attached).
However, we would consider it necessary to instruct a group of employees to consider and report to the Central Committee the proposals on the reasonability of further conservation in its entirety of the legal restrictions on the special settlers – Germans, Karachays, Chechens, Ingushs, Balkars, Kalmyks and Crimean Tatars, which were established at one time by the Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars on January 8, 1945, and the Council of Ministers on 24 November, 1948
About 10 years passed since the resettlement of Germans, Karachays, Chechens, Ingushs, Balkars, Kalmyks and Crimean Tatars. During this time, the majority of them settled in the new place of residence, employed, conscientiously work at enterprises, collective and state farms. Meanwhile, initially established strict regime on the movement of special settlers in the areas of settlement remains unchanged.
For example, special settler’s absence without permission outside the area served by the special commandant’s office (sometimes limited to the few streets in the city and village council in rural areas), is regarded as an escape and entails the responsibility of a criminal offense. We believe that currently there is no need to save these serious limitations.
M. Suslov, P. Pospelov, K. Gorshenin, A. Shelepin, A. Gorkin
” ” April, 1953